Complex+Ions

Complex ions are groups of atoms that react as a unit.

Two ions that you have already seen are:

NH4 (+1) ammonium OH (-1) hydroxide

examples: sodium hydroxide calcium hydroxide magnesium hydroxide

ammonium chloride ammonium sulfide

Other complex ions are derived from the oxy acids studied earlier:

nitric acid HNO3 --> nitrate (-1) chloric acid HClO3 --> chlorate (-1) carbonic acid H2CO3 --> CO3 (-2) sulfuric acid H2SO4 --> SO4 (-2) phosphoric acid H3PO4 --> PO4 (-3)

examples: sodium carbonate calcium nitrate